1 Peter 2:23

Authorized King James Version

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Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:

Original Language Analysis

ὃς Who G3739
ὃς Who
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 1 of 12
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
λοιδορούμενος when he was reviled G3058
λοιδορούμενος when he was reviled
Strong's: G3058
Word #: 2 of 12
to reproach, i.e., vilify
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 3 of 12
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἀντελοιδόρει again G486
ἀντελοιδόρει again
Strong's: G486
Word #: 4 of 12
to rail in reply
πάσχων when he suffered G3958
πάσχων when he suffered
Strong's: G3958
Word #: 5 of 12
to experience a sensation or impression (usually painful)
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 6 of 12
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἠπείλει he threatened G546
ἠπείλει he threatened
Strong's: G546
Word #: 7 of 12
to menace; by implication, to forbid
παρεδίδου committed G3860
παρεδίδου committed
Strong's: G3860
Word #: 8 of 12
to surrender, i.e yield up, entrust, transmit
δὲ but G1161
δὲ but
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 9 of 12
but, and, etc
τῷ G3588
τῷ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 12
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κρίνοντι himself to him that judgeth G2919
κρίνοντι himself to him that judgeth
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 11 of 12
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
δικαίως· righteously G1346
δικαίως· righteously
Strong's: G1346
Word #: 12 of 12
equitably

Cross References

Isaiah 53:7He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.1 Peter 4:19Wherefore let them that suffer according to the will of God commit the keeping of their souls to him in well doing, as unto a faithful Creator.Hebrews 12:3For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds.Psalms 37:5Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass.Acts 4:29And now, Lord, behold their threatenings: and grant unto thy servants, that with all boldness they may speak thy word,2 Timothy 1:12For the which cause I also suffer these things: nevertheless I am not ashamed: for I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day.Psalms 10:14Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite it with thy hand: the poor committeth himself unto thee; thou art the helper of the fatherless.Psalms 31:5Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth.Luke 23:46And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.2 Timothy 4:8Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing.

Analysis & Commentary

Peter describes Christ's response to injustice, providing pattern for believers. "Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again" (hos loidoroumenos ouk anteloidorei)—when verbally abused, didn't return abuse. "When he suffered, he threatened not" (paschōn ouk ēpeilei)—during torture, made no threats of vengeance. Instead: "but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously" (paredidou de tō krinonti dikaiōs)—entrusted His case to God who judges justly. Christ didn't seek self-vindication but trusted Father's righteous judgment. This exemplifies trust in God's justice amid human injustice, refusing retaliation while confident in ultimate divine vindication.

Historical Context

Jesus's trial involved false testimony, mockery, physical abuse, and crucifixion. Throughout, He maintained dignified silence or spoke truth without threatening captors (Matthew 26-27). This fulfilled Isaiah 53:7 ("He was oppressed... yet he opened not his mouth"). Peter personally observed this, having denied Christ while Jesus faced accusers. Christ's non-retaliation provided model for persecuted believers: trust God's justice rather than seeking personal revenge. Early church's non-violent response to persecution (refusing to fight back while maintaining faith) eventually won Roman respect and legal protection.

Questions for Reflection

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